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How To Guides

Introduction to Formulas in MS Excel

In MS Excel one of the most powerful features is the ability to calculate numerical information by using formulas. Excel is capable of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing operations. In this tutorial we will learn how to use cell references to create simple formulas.

Mathematical operators:

MS Excel uses the standard operators for the formulas asterick (*) for multiplication, forward slash (/) for division, plus sign (+)for addition, minus sign (-) for subtraction and caret (^) for exponents. All of the excel formulas are required to begin with an equals sign (=).

Cell References:

usually numbers are used for creating an Excel formulas like =2+2 or =4*4. But you can also use cell addresses for creating a formula. This is called making a cell reference. Using the cell reference will ensure that your formulas are accurate because you can modify the value of referenced cells without rewriting the formula.

Creating a Formula:

For creating a formula follow these simple steps.

  • First of all you need to select the cell that will contain the formula.
  • Now type the equals sign (=). Notice how it is shown in both the cell and formula bar.
  • Now type the cell address of the ceel you need to reference first in the formula. You will notice that a blue border will appear around the referenced cell.
  • Type the mathematical operator you need to use.
  • Now type the cell address of the cell you need to reference second in the formula. A red border will appear around the referenced cell.
  • Now press Enter on your keyboard and the formula will be calculated and the value will be displayed in the cell.
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Photoshop

Using The Clone Stamp Tool in Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a handy and most widely used image editing application which will let you add some amazing and breathtaking effects. One of the most amazing tools which are included in Adobe Photoshop is Clone Stamp Tool. The Clone Stamp Tool is used for pixel to pixel cloning in Photoshop. This tool is different from Healing Brush Tool as it will not blend the target area automatically. The Clone Stamp Tool can also be used for removing any portion from the image.You can also learn about How to Rasterize Text on Photoshop. In order to use Clone Stamp Tool you need to follow these steps.

  • 1st of all you need to select Clone Stamp Tool and after that you are required to position the cursor over the area which you need to clone.
  • Now in the next step you are required to press Alt key for defining the clone source.
  • Now you need to position the cursor over the area where you are required to paint the cloned pixel and after this you need to start painting.
  • When you will be painting you will notice that a cross hair follows the pixels which you are cloning.
  • Now you need to select Window>Clone Source for opening the Clone Source panel. This little panel will allow you to save multiple clone sources for referring to while you are working.
  • You can also scale, preview and rotate the clone source.
  • In order to work with the Clone Source interactive panel you are required to follow these steps.
  • If the Clone Source Panel is hidden you can select Window>Clone Source.
  • Alt-Click on the image for recording the 1st clone source.
  • Click on the 2nd Clone Source icon from the top of the Clone Source panel.
  • Alt-Click on the page for defining the 2nd clone source.
  • Now you need to enter any numbers which you want in Offset X & Y, W & H.
  • Now select the Show Overlay check box to see a preview of the clone source.
Categories
Photoshop

How to Rasterize Text on Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is one of the best and most widely used image editing application. In this application the shapes and text is created on vector layer. In vector layer when you zoom in it will remain smooth and you won’t find any sharper edges. On the other hand a rasterized image upon zooming in will show squares and sharp edges which are called pixels. Majority of the Photoshop tools only work on rasterize images. You can also learn about Grouping and Ungrouping Worksheets in MS Excel. In order to rasterize the images you are required to follow these simple steps.

  • 1st of all you need to create a new document in Photoshop.
  • Now you need to select Text Tool from the Toolbox or you can type T from keyboard for accessing Type Tool.
  • Now you need to click anywhere in your document and start typing any word or a paragraph.
  • On the right side of the window there is a layer panel where the text layer has been included. Right click on the text layer and select Rasterize Type from it.
  • The text is now converted into graphics which can be manipulated with brushes and filters easily.
  • Apply faded effect on your text and for that you need to use Eraser Tool and then select Stencil Sponge-Wet Brush.
  • Now you need to add a background on the newly converted graphic.
  • In the next step create a new layer and for that type in Shift+Ctrl+N.
  • Now fill in the layer by any color with the use of Bucket Tool.
  • Duplicate the type graphic and modify the opacity of the layer from 20-25%.
  • Now you ned to merge both layers by typing Ctrl+E.
  • By using Pen Tool draw a frame and once the path is drawn save the path.
  • Right click on the path and select stroke path.
  • Now fill all the outer areas with the white color by using Bucket Tool.
  • You need to make sure that the the opacity of Bucket Tool is 25%.